If this will help you any, the gf and I have been taking notes on what readily-available ingredients will net a few gold. This is in no way a complete list, and I am still occasionally finding inaccuracies from hurried writing or late-night exploring, but it may help you some. In higher levels (read: when I have the excess money to do so) I've taken to buying most of every alchemist's ingredient list, save for the really expensive ones. Lower levels, I may buy everything worth a single-digit price, or something like that. In lower levels, I find myself harvesting everything I can get my hands on in-game and taking them to the enchanter.
This list is only what I've found lucrative/useful when at lower levels and when I can pick these things up off the side of the road and make some money. Some of them will have negative effects as well as positive, but will still get you some gold, so I tend to create "use" and "sell" potions separately.
Others, please correct anywhere you see a bad recipe.
Weakness to magic: salt, taproot
Sneak: frost mirriam, purple mtn flower
Invisibility: chaurus eggs (falmer dungeons), luna moth wing (sell) or...
chaurus eggs, vampire dust (use) * vampire dust is expensive, but the moth wings
have a negative effect.
Paralysis: canis root, imp stool or canis root, swamp fungal pod (but not imp stool/swamp fungal)
Slow: deathbell, salt pile or deathbell, river betty (adds damage component and higher value
Poison - dmg health: nirn root, red mtn flower
Fortify Block - bleeding crown, tundra cotton
Fortify Conjuration - blue mtn flower, lavender
Poison - lingering dmg magicka: purple mtn flower, torchbug (also restores stamina)
Poison - dmg magicka regen: bear claws, hanging moss
Regen health: namira's rot, juniper berry
Regen magicka: garlic, salt pile
Resist fire: snow berries, fly ammotia
Resist frost: purple mtn flower, snow berries (or frost mirriam for more value)
Resist Magic: bleeding crown, tundra cotton
Resist poison: garlic, thistle
Restore health: blue mtn flower, wheat
Restore magicka: red mtn flower, white cap