You can't, really. It's a very, very common issue and no (official) patch has been made to fix it, yet.
However.. someone has created an unofficial 1.2 patch which claims to fix the random no-error crashes and various other issues. I haven't installed that myself, nor do I know if it will work for the crashes, but I'm sure if you google "Skyrim unofficial patch 1.2" or something you'll find it.
Also, I've found that in certain areas, no matter what you do, there's spots in the terrain that if you get close enough to, or even look at, it causes you to crash. I was in some ice cave where no matter how many times I tried, as soon as I rounded this particular corner, I would crash. After changing various settings, dropping the Shadow Quality to "High" (from ultra) fixed it and let me pass. Might work for you too.